![]() ![]() This concept was expanded by Gershun, who developed the theory of a “light field” in 3D space. In an 1846 lecture, Michael Faraday first proposed the concept of light as a field. Finally, we discuss implications and future directions for this work. We then present the design principles of the angle-sensitive pixel, followed by experimental results from prototypes of small light-field image sensors composed of our ASPs. In the following two subsections, we provide background information on light fields and the Talbot effect. To distinguish these devices from the typical pixels of digital image sensors, we call them angle-sensitive pixels (ASPs). Specifically, we employ local, micrometer-scale diffraction gratings at each of a large number of sensor sites to capture this information. Our technique exploits Fresnel diffraction patterns of periodic gratings (the Talbot effect ), to characterize incident light by its magnitude and direction. In contrast to a conventional solid state image sensor with sites sensitive only to light intensity, our image sensor has sites that are sensitive to both the intensity and the incident angle of light striking them. We present a method of measuring the light field at a given image plane. Applications of light fields include three-dimensional (3D) rendering and computational refocus of images. ![]() A complete description of these additional parameters defines the light field, or “flow” of light, at the image plane. However, this intensity map fails to capture incident angle, polarization angle, and other properties of light rays passing through the image plane. Conventional imaging uses a large array of light sensors to create a map of light intensity at an image plane. ![]()
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