Chromium chloride, chromium nicotinate, and chromium picolinate are commonly used formulations of trivalent chromium. It was originally discovered in brewer's yeast ( 4). Trivalent chromium in a complex known as glucose tolerance factor is considered the biologically active form. However, future studies that address the limitations in the current evidence are needed before definitive claims can be made about the effect of chromium supplementation.Ĭhromium is an essential mineral that is thought to be necessary for normal glucose and lipid homeostasis ( 1– 3). Chromium supplementation significantly improved glycemia among patients with diabetes. The evidence was limited by poor study quality, heterogeneity in methodology and results, and a lack of consensus on assessment of chromium status.ĬONCLUSIONS-No significant effect of chromium on lipid or glucose metabolism was found in people without diabetes. Larger effects were more commonly observed in poor-quality studies. There were some indications of dose effect and differences among chromium formulations. There was no benefit in individuals without diabetes. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, chromium supplementation improved glycosylated hemoglobin levels by −0.6% (95% CI −0.9 to −0.2) and fasting glucose by −1.0 mmol/l (−1.4 to −0.5) but not lipids. RESULTS-Forty-one studies met criteria, almost half of which were of poor quality. Meta-analyses were performed as appropriate. All trials with glucose metabolism outcomes and trials of individuals with diabetes or glucose intolerance for lipid outcomes were included. Eligible studies were English language randomized controlled trials of chromium supplement intake ≥3 weeks, with ≥10 participants receiving chromium. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau. doi:0.1016/B978-0-12-384947-2.OBJECTIVE-A systematic review of the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid levels. Chromium picolinate supplementation for overweight or obese adults. Using the adequate intake for nutrient assessment of groups. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. A meta-analysis of the effect of chromium supplementation on anthropometric indices of subjects with overweight or obesity. Tsang C, Taghizadeh M, Aghabagheri E, Asemi Z, Jafarnejad S. The influences of chromium supplementation on glycemic control, markers of cardio-metabolic risk, and oxidative stress in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome women candidate for in vitro fertilization: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Jamilian M, Zadeh Modarres S, Amiri Siavashani M, et al. Beneficial effects of oral chromium picolinate supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical study. The effects of supplementation with chromium on insulin resistance indices in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Heshmati J, Omani-Samani R, Vesali S, et al. Chromium supplementation and polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chromium supplementation reduces resting heart rate in patients with metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance. Nussbaumerova B, Rosolova H, Krizek M, et al. Chromium supplements for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: limited evidence of effectiveness. doi:10.2337/diab.Ĭostello RB, Dwyer JT, Bailey RL. Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Chromium.Īnderson RA, Cheng N, Bryden NA, et al. Chromium: Fact sheet for health professionals.
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